Organisational structure free essay sample

Different Structures Practical Illustration hierarchical structure: It alludes to a conventional arrangement of assignments and announcing connections that facilitates and rouses representatives to cooperate to accomplish the authoritative objectives. Formal arrangement of errand and detailing connections indicating how laborers use assets. It Involves the accompanying structures: 1) Functional Structure It alludes to the hierarchical structure made out of the considerable number of offices that an association requires to create Its merchandise or administrations. tOf3 2) Dlvlslonal structures It alludes to the authoritative structure made out of a progression of specialty units to create a particular sort of item for a particular sort of client. It is utilized by most huge organizations. It includes 3 fundamental sorts: a) Product Structure, where divisions are made by the kind of item and administration. b) Geographic Structure, where divisions depend on the region of a nation or world served. c) Market Structure, where divisions depend on the kinds of clients served. We will compose a custom paper test on Authoritative structure or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 3) Matrix Structure It alludes to the hierarchical structure that gatherings individuals by capacity and item groups at the same time. It brings about complex connections. The structure is truly adaptable. Every worker has two supervisors (useful director and item chief) 4) Product Team Structure It alludes to the hierarchical structure where individuals are for all time alloted to a group enabled to put up an item for sale to the public. It includes no two-way (double) revealing. It includes shaping cross-useful groups made out of a gathering of supervisors from various divisions cooperating to perform authoritative assignments. Existing AFC Organizational Structure: It is exceptionally certain that Abu Qir Fertilizers Company incredibly speaks to applying the unctional extremely steep profoundly brought together broadly unbending structure.

Summary of Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rundown of Reading - Essay Example It very well may be said this is an instance of â€Å"virtual smoothness† that any Russian speaker feels after hearing the new Russian song of devotion. It is viewed as an insistence of the new anthem’s connection to the first song of devotion. By and large, Daughtry’s article is a justification of a Russian national’s positive estimations through the anthem’s enthusiastic relationship with Soviet’s great history. Indications of Imagination, Identity, and Experience: A Peircian Semiotic Theory for Music Charles Peirce’s idea of signs to examine personality, feeling, and music is used in Turino’s examination for the need of music. As per Peirce, the interpretant, article, and sign are components in every semiotic procedure. In the article, acknowledgment of cultural and individual characters and development of passionate conclusions are music’s capacity established in the truth that social signs are commonly of the less in terceded or direct sort. As a rule, music works with no psychological intercession and straightforwardly at the physical and enthusiastic levels. Turino’s fundamental spotlight in his article is on the relationship of the sign and the item - image, record, and symbol, and its general understanding - contention, dicent, and rheme. Works Cited Daughtry, J M. Russia's New Anthem and the Negotiation of National Identity. Ethnomusicology.

Behavioral Activation Treatment for PTSD

Behavioral Activation Treatment for PTSD Researchers published findings showing behavioral activation treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can help. More specifically, they found that  a 16-week individual treatment for PTSD focused on increasing positive and meaningful events in a persons life can successfully reduce PTSD symptoms among veterans with PTSD. Behavioral Activation As the name implies, behavioral activation is behavioral treatment. It focuses on changing behaviors to address problems people might be experiencing. Behavioral activation was originally developed to treat depression. Its based on the theory that people with depression are less likely to come into contact with positive or rewarding aspects of their environment. For example, a person with depression might feel so bad that they decide not to get out of bed one day. However, by staying in bed, the depressed person does not have potentially rewarding contact with friends and family, making the depression linger or worsen. How Behavioral Activation Works In behavioral activation, the main goals are to increase activity levels (and prevent avoidance behaviors) and help the patient take part in positive and rewarding activities that can improve mood. The patient and therapist come up with a list of activities that the patient values and finds rewarding, such as reconnecting with friends or exercising. The therapist and patient also look at any obstacles that might get in the way of completing these goals. Each week the patient is asked to set goals for how many activities he or she wants to complete outside of the session. Throughout the week, the patient then tracks his progress in achieving these goals. How Behavioral Activation Works Behavioral Activation for PTSD Individuals with PTSD may avoid things that remind them of their traumatic event, leading them to withdraw from others and also not allowing them to learn that they can cope with their anxiety. Researchers thought that behavioral activation may be useful in reducing this avoidance among people with PTSD, reducing PTSD symptoms, and improving their quality of life. The Studys Findings Researchers provided 11 veterans with PTSD 16 weeks of individual behavioral activation therapy. The veterans worked with the therapists to identify current avoidance behaviors, as well as rewarding and positive goals and activities that they would like to pursue. The veterans tracked their progress in completing these goals and activities throughout the treatment. The researchers looked at differences in the veterans PTSD symptoms, depression, and quality of life from the beginning to the end of treatment. By the end of the 16 weeks, they found that: More than half of the veterans showed a reduction in PTSD symptoms.Four veterans had their depression reduce.Four veterans reported that their quality of life had improved. Although this study was small, the findings were promising and show that behavioral activation may be a useful way to treat PTSD, especially in regard to its avoidance symptoms.   Reducing Avoidance in PTSD

Minimum Follow Up Of 12 Weeks - 1357 Words

minimum follow up of 12 weeks. The authors subjectively categorized follow up times to short (12 weeks to 6 months), medium (6 months to 1 year), and long-term (greater than 1 year). Each selected article was assessed for quality completed separately by the previous two authors using the Cochrane Back Review Group risk of bias criteria; greater than 6/12 indicated high quality or low risk of bias.8 The results from this assessment were included in the meta-analysis, in addition to another table with each study’s characteristics and results. Results were grouped based on the comparison of intervention groups and the outcome in question (pain intensity or functional disability). Pooling of results depended on the outcome measures used for†¦show more content†¦Results showed combined therapy had greater improvements. No statistical significance for pain intensity (15 pooled studies) or functional disability (13 pooled studies) at medium-term follow up was found. The single study that compared behavioural therapy to a combined therapy found no statistical significance for pain or functional disability across all follow-up periods.10 In summary, the combined therapy of physical and behavioural therapy was found to be statistically and significantly better at improving pain intensity and functional disability than physical therapy alone; however, authors reported this difference was small. This means that combined therapy provided small benefits, thus authors suggested selecting rehabilitation therapies that are cost-effective in the context of time, resources, and patient preferences. Authors offered reasons for the lack of statistically significant differences and the small effect sizes reported. Firstly, although different in their application, intervention effects, may converge onto the same mediating mechanisms within a person. Thus a physical therapy exercise may in fact result in changes to cognitive thinking such as self-efficacy for example. This means that although these two interventions appear to be different, they might target the same construct. Secondly, nonspecific factorsShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of An Autologous Platelet Concentration On Lateral Epicondylitis Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesPositive effect of an autologous platelet concentration in lateral epicondylitis in a double-blind randomized controlled trial: platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection with a †¨1-year follow-up. The first study (Peerblooms et al) is a double-blind randomized control study trail with a 1 year follow-up in order to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injections against the efficacy of corticosteroid injections in the treatment of chronic lateral epicondyltitis The primary goal of theRead MoreEssay On Population Health1096 Words   |  5 PagesScholarly Expectations: This paper should include a minimum of five scholarly resources. Do not use your course textbooks or sources from the internet. Be sure to incorporate your sources clearly into your analysis. 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Powerful Strategies for Persusaisve Essay Topics That You Can Use Starting Immediately

Powerful Strategies for Persusaisve Essay Topics That You Can Use Starting Immediately Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Weave in your perspective to create your essay unique. To assist you craft an intriguing essay, below are some decent persuasive topics for you to pick from. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to locate ready-made essays and use them as an example. Having selected a great topic to argue about, at this point you need to make an argumentative essay outline. You should settle on a persuasive essay topic that enables you to present the finest possible case. There are several intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it. Here's What I Know About Persusaisve Essay Topics To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's vital to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. As you have read hilarious persuasive speech topics and can decide on the one that you need to write about, you can write a fantastic speech. English language classes usually take a lot of writing. English should stay a language of global communication. Humorous essays are frequently a whole lot more fun to write. You may continue to kee p your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Take notes concerning all prospective topics you're able to consider. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points. Want to Know More About Persusaisve Essay Topics? You have to know all elements of financial topics when you choose them. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Whichever topic you select, always don't forget the value of literature sources. Possessing excellent research abilities and selecting an excellent topic is vital. It is preferable to use templates since they include all necessary formatting elements. Examples might also be included in every one of the body paragraphs to more support and clarify your primary points. It's possible for you to pick topics from several lists of ready them es. The topics must have two sides and they need to be quite intriguing. The Death of Persusaisve Essay Topics Certain persuasive essay prompts can earn a topic a lot easier to write about or there may be a difference if there's a strong opinion to generate a subject easier to be persuasive about. The aim of the essay is to select an argument and attempt to persuade the reader to adopt it. The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on this issue in a powerful and concise way. The Hidden Gem of Persusaisve Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. One of the serious hiccups in choosing funny argumentative essay topics is that comedy is a rather touchy field, and various people have various opinions of what comedy is about. Many people wind up covering the exact same tired topics they see in the media every day, only because they can't produce a b etter idea. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Life After Persusaisve Essay Topics Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. The simplest approach to pick a persuasive essay topic is to explore a present issue. Then you should begin with choosing a really intriguing topic. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. The above-mentioned topic selection may give you a crystal clear understanding of what things to write about. Whenever you do, you may now write on topics which are humorous to them. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. Persusaisve Essay Topics Help! An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. Your thesis needs to be relevant so the write-up can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. Feel free to choose a topic which you will delight in writing about and not just one which you think will please your professor. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. Persuasive essays are a really good method to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. The reader needs to be impressed by how you defend your ideas.

Mongol invasion on the Muslim world Free Essays

The Mongols entered history as just one among a number of nomad tribes on the steppes of central Asia. The rise of the Mongols and the beginnings of the Mongol conquests arose out of a dramatic shift from such disunity to unity, and it was achieved through the personality and military skills of one man. In all probability he was born in 1167. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongol invasion on the Muslim world or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was given the name of Temuchin. The nomad world he entered was a fierce and unforgiving one of rivalry and survival skills. Like all Mongol children, Temuchin learned to ride with great skill and to handle a bow and arrows. After an eventful younger life his thoughts turned towards the opportunity of defeating his rivals and taking control of the unified Mongol tribes. Many years of warfare followed, the decisive victory being Temuchin’s defeat of the Naimans. In 1206 a grand assembly was called at the source of the Onon River. A white standard symbolizing the protective spirit of the Mongols was raised. Its nine points represented the newly unified Mongol tribes. The gathering then proclaimed Temuchin as Genghis Khan (‘Universal Ruler’) (Turnbull, 2003). Before we turn to the Mongols beliefs and their attitudes towards the religions of others, some general observations are in order. We cannot take it for granted that the motives for, or indeed character of, â€Å"conversion† in the thirteenth century will be identical with those we would recognize today—or certainly those which would meet with the approval of the purist. In particular, such motives might have more to do with political, diplomatic or economic considerations than with inner conviction. We should be wrong to emphasize the individualistic over against the communal, the internal over against the outward form of law or cultic practice, and the profoundly personal transformation over against the adoption of additional cultural norms. For instance, the Uighur conversion to Manichaeism in the late eighth century had owed something to economic relations with Sogdian merchants, and it has also been called—like the Khazar afghans adoption of Judaism—â€Å"a declaration of ideological independence.† (Jackson, 2001) Like earlier steppe rulers, the Mongol qaÄÅ'ans presided over public debates between representatives of different faiths. The impulse behind these events is unclear. In a recent article, Richard Foltz points out that the effect of the whole policy was to make mischief, but he stops short of suggesting that the aim was to divide and rule. It has been proposed that a debate took place at the point when the sovereign meditated a change of religious allegiance. There may be some truth in this: Juwaynis account of the conversion of the Uighurs some centuries previously, indeed, appears to be based upon the idea that such debates were always the means of bringing the ruler to a new faith. But we cannot discount the possibility that one purpose was entertainment—that the public religious disputation, in other words, was the intellectual counterpart of the bloody gladiatorial conflicts which the Mongols staged between captured enemy soldiers (Fiey, 1975). Lastly, the frontiers between different faiths were not impermeable. â€Å"Shamanism† was itself an amalgam, and we occupy no vantage point that enables us to distinguish some pristine model from accretions that might have attached themselves to the Mongols’ beliefs in the few centuries preceding the rise of Chinggis Khan (Franke, Herbert 1994). A syncretistic approach had long been the hallmark of the nomads religious beliefs; it is reflected in the Secret History of the Mongols, where elements from the mythical history of the early Turks, the Khitans and other steppe and forest peoples are appropriated and integrated into the Mongolsown origin myths (Amitai-Preiss, 1996). Intent as the Mongols may have been on sharing the world only with subjects, they were also compelled to share it with a plethora of spirits, often malevolently inclined and in any case termed â€Å"demons† by Western European writers. When Rubruck’s little group in 1253 passed through a difficult stretch in the Tarbaghatai range, his guide asked the friars to chant a prayer that would put the demons to flight. Diagnosis of the activity of these invisible powers, and if possible their harnessing for good purposes, was the job of the shamans; and there is no dearth of testimony that by the middle decades of the thirteenth century Mongol rulers manifested a heavy dependence upon shamans and fortune-tellers. Shamanistic activities are geared to influencing conditions in this life, not to securing an after-life. The Mongols ancestral beliefs and practices and the great world religions, in other words, were valid for different spheres: hence the â€Å"tolerant† policy of the Mongol qacans, to which we shall return (Elias, 1999). So it was not at all incongruous that a Mongol sovereign or prince should make some formal gesture towards, say, Christianity or Islam while continuing to observe the â€Å"shamanistic† practices of his forebears: Rubruck saw even those of Mà ¶ngke’s wives who had no knowledge of the Christian faith venerating the cross (Charpentier, 1935). We do not have to see this as some kind of celestial insurance, as if any of the several faiths with which the Mongols were confronted might embody the Truth and so it was advisable to court them all, although the idea finds support in a speech ascribed to Qubilai by Marco Polo. On leaving the camp of the Mongol prince Sartaq, Rubruck was told, â€Å"Do not call our master a Christian: he is not a Christian; he is a Mongol.† (Heissig, 1980) Although he goes on to say that â€Å"they regard the term Christendom as the name of a people† (i.e. presumably the Franks of Europe), it is doubtful whether this necessarily supports DeWeese’s contention that religion in Inner Asia was a communal affair. It may well have been so; but Rubruck (whose interpreter was proverbially inadequate) could easily have misunderstood the reason for the warning, and a different explanation comes to mind. We should notice that on several occasions the Mongol terms for religious specialists seem to have been interpreted as denoting the religious community as a whole. Rubruck, for instance, employs the Mongol word toyin (Chinese daoren, â€Å"man of the path,† i.e. Buddhist priest) as a designation for the Buddhists (â€Å"idolators†) in general (Fennell, 1983). And the use of erkeÄÅ'à ¼n (â€Å"Christian priest†) betrays a similar confusion in the thirteenth-century sources. This might explain the apparent bewilderment of the Qacan Gà ¼yà ¼g at Innocent IV’s request that he become a Christian and the anger in the camp of the Mongol general Baiju over the same injunction on the part of Ascelin. The QaÄÅ'an Mà ¶ngke, too, objected when Rubruck was misrepresented as having called him a toyin. It is possible that with one exception the Mongolian lexicon recognized only religious specialists and contained no word for the respective religious community en masse. The exception was the Muslims who confronted Chinggis Khan in the shape of the powerful KhwÄ razmian Empire. Here two words were available: sartacul, employed in the Secret History to designate the KhwÄ razm-shÄ h’s subjects, and dashman (from Persian dÄ nishmand, literally â€Å"learned man†), which denoted the Muslim religious class. But to the best of our knowledge the language contained no word for â€Å"Christian† or â€Å"Buddhist,† as opposed to erkeÄÅ'à ¼n or toyin for priest/monk. Even in the late thirteenth century Persian authors in the Mongol empire equated â€Å"Christian† (Persian: tarsÄ ) with â€Å"Uighur† on account of the large number of Christians among that people (Allsen, 1994). At what juncture â€Å"Shamanism† merits being called a religion, it is difficult to say. It has been proposed that in any consideration of the religious beliefs and practices of Inner Asian peoples we need to distinguish between â€Å"popular† cultic practice—â€Å"folk religion, † as Heissig calls it —and what has been termed â€Å"Tenggerism, † centered on the sky-god, i.e. those beliefs and practices associated with a monarchy based on divine sanction. DeWeese is skeptical, and sees the dichotomy as between, not two competing levels of religious thought and ritual, but â€Å"imperial† and â€Å"domestic† styles of evoking essentially the same system of religious values and practices (Amitai, 2001). A clash between the aspiring steppe emperor and the representative of popular traditions might, nevertheless, provide a framework within which we can locate the downfall of Teb Tenggeri (Kà ¶kà ¶chà ¼), the shaman who had been instrumental in Chinggis Khan’s enthronement but had then got above himself and was eliminated. RashÄ «d al-DÄ «n seems to suggest that Teb Tenggeri had a following among the ordinary Mongols, who were ready to believe in his spiritual accomplishments. The difficulty with this scenario is that it was Teb Tenggeri who invoked Heaven’s mandate and Chinggis Khan who disregarded it (Bundy, 1996). The notion that the early thirteenth-century Mongols worshipped the supreme sky-god, Tengri (Tenggeri), has been challenged on the basis of the way in which the term tenggeri is used in the Secret History, the only Mongolian narrative source that has come down to us. But Anatoly Khazanov makes the plausible suggestion that the Mongols were experiencing the pull of monotheism, as Tengri took on more of the attributes of the omnipotent God. Indeed, a shift is visible during the early decades of the conquest period, to judge from the comments of contemporary observers. The Mongols believed in one God, creator of all things visible and invisible, though they did not worship Him, as was fitting, reverencing idols instead. Subsequent observers, at any rate, were ready to class the Mongols as monotheistic. Rubruck assumed that they had acquired monotheism from the Uighurs. â€Å"You are not a polytheist,† Qadi HamÄ «d al-DÄ «n SÄ biq SamarqandÄ « told Qubilai Qacan during the clampdown on Islamic observance in China in the 1280s, â€Å"because you write the name of the great God at the head of your edicts (yarlighs)† (Jackson, 1994). This development, of course, made it easier for representatives of the different confessional groups to claim the Qacan as one of their own. Reference: Allsen, Thomas T. â€Å"The Rise of the Mongolian Empire and Mongolian Rule in North China.† In CHC. Vol. 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368, eds. H. Frank and D. Twitchett. Cambridge, 1994, pp. 321–413. Amitai, Reuven. â€Å"The Conversion of Tegà ¼der Ilkhan to Islam.† JSAI, 25 (2001), pp. 15–43. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven. â€Å"Ghazan, Islam and Mongol Tradition: A View from the MamlÃ… «k Sultanate.† BSOAS, 59 (1996), pp. 1–10. Bundy, David. â€Å"The Syriac and Armenian Christian Responses to the Islamification of the Mongols.† In Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays, ed. John Victor Tolan. New York and London, 1996, pp. 33–53. Charpentier, Jarl. â€Å"William of Rubruck and Roger Bacon.† In Hyllningsskrift tillà ¤gnad Sven Hedin pak hans 70-akrsdag den 19. Febr. 1935. Stockholm, 1935, pp. 255–67. Elias, Jamal J. â€Å"The Sufi Lords of Bahrabad: Sa’d al-Din and Sadr al-Din Hamuwayi.† Iranian Studies, 27 (1994), pp. 53–75. Endicott-West, Elizabeth. â€Å"Notes on Shamans, Fortune-tellers and yin-yang Practitioners and Civil Administration in Yà ¼an China.† In The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy, eds. R. Amitai-Preiss and D.O. Morgan. Leiden, 1999, pp. 224–39. Fennell, John. The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200–1304. London, 1983. Fiey, J.M. â€Å"Iconographie syriaque: Hulagu, Doquz Khatun †¦et six ambons?† Le Musà ©on, 88 (1975), pp. 59–68. Foltz, Richard. â€Å"Ecumenical Mischief under the Mongols.† CAJ, 43 (1999), pp. 42–69. Franke, Herbert. From Tribal Chieftain to Universal Emperor and God. The Legitimation of the Yà ¼an Dynasty. Sitzungsberichte der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Klasse, 2. Munich, 1978 [Reprinted in H. Franke. China under Mongol Rule. Aldershot, 1994]. Heissig, Walther. The Religions of Mongolia. Tr. Geoffrey Samuel. London, 1980. Jackson, Peter. â€Å"Christians, Barbarians and Monsters: The European Discovery of the World beyond Islam.† In The Medieval World, eds. Peter Linehan and Janet Nelson. London, 2001, pp. 93–110. Jackson, Peter. â€Å"Early Missions to the Mongols: Carpini and His Contemporaries.† In Hakluyt Society. Annual report for 1994, pp. 14–32. Stephen Turnbull, 2003. Genghis Khan the Mongol Conquests, 1190-1400, Routledge             How to cite Mongol invasion on the Muslim world, Essay examples

The Natural Essay Research Paper I do free essay sample

The Natural Essay, Research Paper I do non believe in a destiny that falls on work forces nevertheless they act ; but I do believe in a destiny that falls on them unless they act G.K. Chesterton, Generaly Speaking Some people think that destiny is something you are born with, something that follows you around for the remainder of your life until the twenty-four hours you die. I think that destiny is something that exists in your sub-conscience, hence doing it nil more than your scruples. In the book The Natural by Bernard Malamud the chief character Roy Hobbs had a really distinguishable defect, a defect that 1000000s of American work forces and adult females both have # 8230 ; # 8230 ; an compulsion with sex which affected his charecter and which made him a really unsuccessful adult male. From the really beginning of the book when he went to that adult female Harriet? s room for a speedy bang I had an thought of what sort of individual Roy was, I mean even I would hold though that he learned his lesson about messing about with people he merely met after she shot him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Essay Research Paper I do or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Well, that? s all right, its lone 15 old ages off his calling and the terminal of his pitching. Strike one! I guess that he didn? T learn his lesson because one dark while Roy? s new alleged friend Bump leads him to a hotel room cognizing that his girlfriend Memo is lying buck-naked on the bed. When Roy notices her there he doesn? t halt and believe, ? Hold on a 2nd their is a bare adult female in my bed mabey I should turn on the visible radiation and inquire her what she? s making here? No, he merely leap into bed and runs the bases. So one twenty-four hours Bump dies and Roy thinks that Memo? s all his, male child is he incorrectly. This new found passion wholly messes up his train of idea and think what? Yup, you guessed it another adult female falls into his life. Strike two! The adult female is a really attractive # 8230 ; .grandmother? ? ? ? Her name was Iris who he meets at a baseball game standing in the crowd. So he decides to travel after her and one mulct twenty-four hours he forgets his gum elastics and gets her pregnant, but he still is in love with Memo. While Memo and Roy were speaking one twenty-four hours she said that she needed a adult male that would purchase her a auto, acquire her a housekeeper etc. so he goes and excepts this final payment to blow the game so that he can purchase Memo all those things. Strike three! It was game twenty-four hours and the crowd was traveling wild and there was a odor of roasted peanuts in the air or was that the malodor of love good whatever it was it stunk. Roy was up at chiropteran and the game was on him and he thought to himself and he decided non to blow the game so he tries but he strikes out # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .YOUR OUT! ! ! What was it destiny or a defect in character, good if you ask me he had the deadliest defect of all # 8230 ; love.

Chinese Culture and Society

Chinese Culture and Society China, is one of the earliest civilizations in the world, it has a recorded history of about 3, 600 years. China's development has passed through stages of primitive society, slave society and feudal society. During China's long period of development the industrious, courageous and innovative Chinese people collectively created a great civilization which has made many great contributions to both the ancient and modern world. The Chinese civilization was ruled by various dynasties in which several emperors would rule. Within the dynasties there were several emperors all of which played a significant role in the development in the Chinese civilization. Today china is one of the leading countries in economics, but still holds true to its culture and ways of society. Chinese culture and society was directly influenced by dynasties and emperors over time.The Chinese were ruled by various dynasties, since ca. 2,000 BCE. A dynasty is a time period that is ruled by a specific family.Detail o n the backside of a Chinese Western Han Dy...The Qin dynasty was short but vigorous. During the Qin dynasty, centralization was achieved by ruthless methods and standardization of codes and procedures, thought patterns and scholarship, and the forms of coinage and writing. During this time Confucian ideals of government were, out of favour. "The kings of the time banished or put to death many opposing Confucian scholars and removed and burned their books, in order to stop the criticism of the imperial rule." [Echoes From the Past] In order to fend off barbarian intrusion, the Qin joined walls of various waring states to make a 5,000km long wall, which would be known as the Great Wall of China. During the Han dynasty the rulers changed some of the harsh views of the previous Qin dynasty. "Confucian ideals were adopted as the creed of the Han empire and Confusion scholars gained...

Chicago Referencing †Citing a Conference Paper (Footnotes)

Chicago Referencing – Citing a Conference Paper (Footnotes) Chicago Referencing – Citing a Conference Paper (Footnotes) Conference proceedings are a great resource for students. And since academics attend conferences to discuss cutting-edge research, proceedings often include exciting new ideas. But how do you cite a conference paper? In this post, we explain this using Chicago footnote referencing. Footnote Citations In Chicago referencing, always give full publication information in the first footnote citation. For a published conference paper, this includes: n. Author’s Name, â€Å"Paper Title,† in Title of Proceedings, ed. Editor Name(s) (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number(s) for cited section. In practice, then, the first citation of a conference paper would look like this: 1. Bill Riker, â€Å"Innovations in Seating,† in Proceedings of the Third Annual Behavioral Adaptations for Interstellar Travel Conference, ed. Jonathan Frakes (Santa Monica, CA: TNG Inc., 1987), 184. The format differs slightly for an unpublished paper (e.g., one that you saw presented in person). This is quite rare, but if you need to cite one, you need to include the following information in the first footnote: n. Author’s Name, â€Å"Paper Title† (paper presented at Name, Location and Date of Conference), page numbers (if relevant). An unpublished paper would therefore be presented like this: 2. Deanna Troi, â€Å"Feeling Change: Design Guided by Empathy† (paper presented at The International Conference of Feeling, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, June 20-22 1992, 21. For repeat citations of a paper, you can use a shortened footnote format. Bibliography The information to include in your bibliography for a conference paper is roughly the same as in the first footnote. However, there are a few differences. For a published paper, the format is: Surname, First Name. â€Å"Paper Title.† In Title of Proceedings, edited by Editor Name(s), page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. For an unpublished conference paper, meanwhile, the format is: Surname, First Name. â€Å"Paper Title.† Paper presented at Name, Location and Date of Conference. In practice, then, we would list a published and an unpublished conference paper as follows: Riker, Bill. â€Å"Innovations in Seating.† In Proceedings of the Third Annual Behavioral Adaptations for Interstellar Travel Conference, edited by Jonathan Frakes, 180-201. Santa Monica, CA: TNG Inc., 1987. Troi, Deanna. â€Å"Feeling Change: Design Guided by Empathy.† Paper presented at The International Conference of Feeling, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, June 20-22 1992.

Changes in the European Euro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changes in the European Euro - Essay Example The dollar advanced 0.2 percent on 11th February 2011 to 83.43 yen. The euro declined 0.1 percent to 113.06 yen. B. Identify two or more factors that might account for the changes in the value of the U.S. dollar with respect to the Euro. The US dollar rose as against most of the currencies as Hosni Mubarak, the president of Egypt stepped down and handed power to the military, stoking demand for the safety of U.S. assets. US dollar gained third week in line against euro. Euro was weak also due to the news of President of Germany’s central bank resigned. The US jobs data are unlikely to encourage the Federal Reserve to change its loose monetary policy, which would help buttress the dollar. There was not sign of increase in interest rate of the euro-zone nations by the ECB hence that took away the support of euro as against US dollar. Referring to ‘the economics of Foreign Exchange and the Balance of International trade’ chapter, the supply of dollars offered in exch ange for a foreign currency, such as the Euro, depends on the willingness of dollar holders to purchase Euro.

Children Discipline for a Negative Behavior Essay

Children Discipline for a Negative Behavior - Essay Example (Michael and Pearl) lay stress on the fact that one of the major reasons why most of the parents get exasperated and end up beating up their children is because they never take care to discipline them in their early stages and keep waiting for the time until their children start displaying negative behavior. First, they are themselves not highly responsible about meeting up with many needs and demands of their children owing to their excessively busy schedule and consequently, when things start spiraling out of control, they think of no other option but to beat up their children in the hope that this way, they will learn their lessons fast. This is a deplorable strategy practiced by many parents. What is needed is that the emotional maturity level of the parents should be much higher than their child’s, so that they can keep up with the demands of their child in an effective manner. After implementing this strategy, a couple suggested in the research report that â€Å"I can't believe it; we went to a friend's house, and when I told my children to do something, they immediately, without question, obeyed.† (DrSears.com) illuminates the need to discipline the children with love and understanding by presenting a real example of a mother who loved to discipline her child by regular spanking and physical abuse. In fact, that mother was so over indulged by disciplining children with violence that she had a firm belief that spanking should be an undisputed part of any disciplinary strategy.

Transformational, Transactional and Laissez faire Leadership

Transformational, Transactional and Laissez faire Leadership Healthcare organizations nowadays are facing many complex issues that affect theirs success like providing best health care within affordable cost and staff retention. Lack of job satisfaction among nurses and increase the rate of staff absenteeism and turnover, consider other critical issues that have great impact on the organization continuation. Those challenges need well prepared leader who adopt an effective leadership style to mange and over come them. Leadership style affects the development and employees commitment (Spinelli, 2006). Many scientists and researchers are interested nowadays in leadership and management field. Leadership define as the process of motivating people to work together collaboratively to accomplish great things or the capacity to influence others. Effective leader help to increase the followers commitment and interest in the organization goals Different leadership theories and styles were tested to study their effectiveness. Early studies and researches in leadership was based on belief that the leader should have or born with specific general personal trait and he the ones who mainly set the rules and the responsibilities and the follower accomplish them. But with the time, the value of the collaboration and teamwork increase especially in the health care setting different which lead to contemporary theories to evolve. Contemporary theories consider that effective leadership is a certain skills that can be taught, trained or adopted by the leader. In this paper we will compare between th ree contemporary leadership theories: The transformational, transactional and the laissez-faire leadership what they mean and which one is more effective (Vroom Jago, 2007). Transactional Leadership Style Burns (1979) developed the transformational and transactional leadership theories and later Bass (1985) applied them to study their effectiveness in the organizations (Spinelli, 2006).Transactional leadership is an exchange process that identifies needs of employees and provides rewards to meet those needs in return for expected performance. A transactional leadership style consider as replacement of the autocratic leadership because both of them generate a level of predictability and order. The transactional leadership is more practical in nature because of its emphasis on meeting specific targets or objectives and focused more on daily basis task. Subordinates of transactional leaders are not expected to be creatively because they are monitored and evaluated on the basis of predetermined criteria (Aarons, 2006). Burns (1978) believed that transactional leadership is based on bureaucratic authority. Transactional leaders focus on work standards, assignments and task-oriented goals. In addition, he believed that transactional leaders tend to focus on task completion and employee compliance. Those leaders influence employee performance by using the organizational rewards and punishments. The transactional leader described also, as an agent of change and goal setter; a leader that works well with employees resulting in improvements in productivity (Emery, College, Barker, Fredonia, 2007). Bass and Avolio (1987) transactional leadership can be divided to there model: passive, active and contingent. Passive transactional leadership or management-by exception (MBE) means that status will remain as its unless things go wrong, in this case leader practicing passive management-by-exception will take actions that often have a negative implication. active transactional leadership involves an interaction between leader and follower that stress more on a more positive exchange; for example, providing appropriate rewards when followers meet objectives. Through that the leader will emphasizes on acceptable accomplishments and increase the followers motivation. Finally contingent style is where the leader focused on clarifying the rules and requirements for the followers and then rewards them due to fulfilling the obligations (Murphy, 2005). Transformational Leadership Style The transformational leadership theory is a cooperative, process-focused networking where the leader motivates his followers to create, inspire and influences changes in them. Leader of this style act as role model for his followers, attend their needs and involve them in the decision making process. The main point in this theory is to encourage the followers to perform to their full capacity and meet the expectations. Transformational Leader need to have a base of transaction qualities to establish his style successfully. Transformational leadership is not a substitute for transactional leadership, but it develops and enhances it (Tomey, 2004). The transformational and transactional leadership consisting of seven dimensions.(Bass, 1985; Avolio, Bass Jung, 1999) developed an instrument that include all those seven dimensions and used to measure the components of transactional, transformational leadership and laissez-faire leadership styles. This instrument, called the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Gumusluoglu, Ilsev, 2009). Transformational leadership is measured by four dimensions: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. In Idealized influence the leader does the right thing, take risks and act as role model for his followers which make him trusted and respected from his followers. . Inspirationally motivating leaders has high expectations and they are trying to inspire and motive their followers by changing their thoughts to achieve their leaders visions and expectations. Intellectual stimulation involves providing a supportive environment in the work which will encourage the employees to be more creative, accepting challenging tasks and involve in decisions making process. Finally, an individually considerate leader treats each employee as a unique person with respect to their differences, spends time coaching employees and appreciate their achievements with continues feed backing. (Arnold, Turner, Barling, Kelloway, McKee, (2007). Laissez-Faire Leadership Style Laissez-Faire leadership can be described as a nondirective, passive and inactive style. Leaders of this style believe that internal drives and believes motivate the follower to act .The leader in this style sets few rules for processing the issues in the organization and then delegates them to the subordinates. The leader needs to know very well the level of knowledge, competence and integrity of his followers to be able to delegate the tasks. This style helps the follower to invest their talents and abilities to the maximum. Its more effective if used with very mature and autonomous employees, but mostly it not effective or productive style. The risks here arise when the leader mistaken in choosing the suitable employee to accomplished the delegated tasks. Lack of clear vision and direction for the organization lead the followers to adopt different goals and objective, increase the stress level among the followers and decrease the productivity and the quality. Laissez-Faire leader do not influence the organization culture due to minimal interactions between him and his followers. Finally Laissez-Faire leadership style mainly can be used in small business not for big organizations like health organizations (Daly, Speedy Jackson, 2004). The Effectiveness of Transformational, Transactional  and Laissez-Faire Leadership Many researches and studies done to test the effectiveness and the consequences of adopting different leadership styles on the employee and the organization itself. For example, a study done in 2008 include of 447 staff working in a care center for the elderly in large Danish local government. This study used a longitudinal survey design and questionnaires. Transformational researchers here were testing three hypotheses one of them is the direct relationship between leadership and wellbeing in the followers. The study shown that the there is a strong relation between using the leader the transformational leadership style in dealing with his employees and their well being and decreasing their level of the work stress (Gumusluoglu et al., 2009). Other study done by Berson and Linton in 2005 conclude that the leader who follows the transformational leadership style in dealing with his employees will help them to be more creative and enthusiastic, increase their commitment in the job In 2006, a research done that involve subordinate managers from five hospitals in northeastern Pennsylvania.101 surveys were been distributed in five hospitals in northeastern Pennsylvania .The survey instrument used was the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) that developed by Bernard Bass and Bruce Avolio (1997). The scientists want here to test the relation between the transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles of healthcare CEOs and their subordinate managers satisfaction with them, their willingness to exert extra effort, and perception of their leaders effectiveness. The study shown that the more CEOs followed the laissez-faire style in dealing with their subordinate managers, the lesser subordinate managers reported exerting extra effort and expressed satisfaction with the leader, and disbelieved in the efficiency of their leader (Spinelli, 2006). Employee job satisfaction is often consisting of the following elements: the job itself, supervisor relationship, management beliefs, future opportunity, work environment, pay/benefits/rewards, and co-worker relationships. According to Morriss research, employee job satisfaction is a critical factor in the satisfaction of the customers. In a study of customer satisfaction at a major Midwestern hospital, the correlation between the nurses job  satisfaction and the patients willingness to recommend the unit was .85, in the same study the nurses them self shown more satisfaction if their head managers developed transformational behaviors (Emery et al., 2007). Many studies encourage health care mangers to use both the transformational and the transactional leadership skills in their setting. Aarons (2006) did a study include 303 mental health providers working in 49 mental health programs for youths in California where involved in a study aim to examine the relation between leadership and mental health providers attitudes toward adopting evidence-based practice. The study shown that both transformational and transactional leadership were positively associated with providers having more positive attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice, but in transformational leadership the employees found no difference between their current practice and evidence-based practice which may affect the application of the new practices in the organization. The researchers recommend in this study that the mental health service organizations may benefit from improving transformational and transactional leadership skills in preparation for implementing evidence-based practices. McGuire and Kennerly (2006) mentioned that the leader needs to have a balance between transformational and transactional skills in his management, create effective plan that meet his employees needs. Conclusion Effective leadership styles and theories has been thoroughly studied and tested by scientists due its importance in the success of the organization. Leader in transactional style focused on tasks and reward the employee and recognize them if they meet the agreed objectives. Transformational leader act as role model for his followers inspires and motivate them and meet their needs. Laissez-faire leader provide no visions or directions for his followers, tend to delegate the tasks and avoid decision making. Many studies support the transformational style because its provide supportive environment where the employee work creatively, show commitment and meet the expected requirements. Some studies encourage leaders to make combination between the three styles in their management, because different situation need the style. Transformational and Laissez-faire styles are more useful in encouraging the employees to work independently and creativity. Transactional style is more effective when the leader want to set new practices and need to implement them within specific time.

American Foreign Relations before 1913

The American Foreign Relations also referred to as the foreign policy of the United States of America is the adopted policies that the country uses in its interaction with other countries. As of now, the United States is the most influential country in the world on the basis that it is the only remaining superpower after the collapse of the Soviet Union which led to the end of the Cold War.As of now, the economy of the United States is the world largest and this helps the country in its global outreach. The country nowadays has set is foreign policies agendas and objectives as the creation of a world which is more secure, democratic and economically powerful of the benefit of the American citizens as well as the international community (Gardner, 1984).During the Bush administration, the American country has been faced by many international threats and enemies. This is because the administration is thought to have overstepped its foreign relations especially in the country's quest to bring about world peace and democracy to all nations around the world.However, it is important to relate to the historical overview of the United States of America from the time it gained independence to the beginning of the First World War (John, 1935).From 1776 to 1898The United States gained its independence from Britain in the year 1776 and this was brought about by the American Revolution. It is important to note that from that time, America began its relations with some of the superpowers of Europe at that time, key among them being France.However, from the time of American Revolution to the time of Spanish-American War, the United States foreign relations focused mainly in the regional relations rather the international relations (Engerman, 2000).During the American Revolution, the United States of America developed ties with major European powers at that time. This was necessary because it main rival and colonizer, Britain was a very powerful force at that time. The United S tates could not have defeated Britain without the help of some powerful countries.This was the reason that necessitated America to establish ties with Spain, Netherlands and France and it is important to note that the country needed the countries for their intervention in its war with Britain[1]. Britain at that time was a mutual enemy of the three European countries and the United States as well.The intervention of these three countries saw to it that America attained its independence and also assumed the status of a sovereign state (Gardner, 1984).After its war with Britain, the United States also continued to cultivate its ties with Britain and this was enhanced by the signing of the Olive Branch Policy. The United States made various efforts to restore peace and also resume its important trade with Britain. French having contributed so much in the American Revolution was also not left out of the picture.To this end, the United States continued its relations with the French Repub lic and an important evidence to this is the French presentation of the Statue of Liberty to the United States in the year 1886 (Foner, 1970).[1]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gilbert, Felix. To the Farewell Address: Ideas of Early American Foreign Policy. Princeton, N.J., (1961): 236 – 267

A Transition Of Fascination And Fear Essay - 1364 Words

Introduction - A Transition of Fascination to Fear Historically change has been vital in the emergence of American higher education. John Thelin (2011) expresses The single most change in American higher education at the end of the 19th century was that college going became fashionable and prestigious (p. 156). Prior to WWII, the public romanticized college going as a means to promote social mobility. Throughout the evolution of higher education, individuals views transitioned from fascination to fear. A sense of fear was instilled in students as they became aware colleges were not exempt from violence. The transition-inspired legislation of the Clery Act, which puts practices into place to create safe communities. Has regulation of the Clery Act benefited student populations? Do higher education institutions exclude certain populations by complying with the act? Throughout this paper, I will address these questions and critically analyze the Clery Acts significance within higher education. The History and Amendments to the Clery Act Before enactment of the Campus Security Act, there had been a multitude of particularly violent crimes on college campuses, which threatened the security higher education institutions assured (101st United States Congress, 1990). Due to this fact, congress proposed a disclosure of campus security policy and campus crime. Both public and private institutions that received federal funds were required to prepare and distribute annualShow MoreRelated Essay on Art as a Reflection of Life in Death in Venice1204 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney in an attempt to relinquish his position in society as an artist. Aschenbach wants to experience life, as opposed to merely reflecting upon it, as he has done for so many years. 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The Contrast and Conformity in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The...

Throughout F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses an ensemble of characters to portray different aspects of the 1920s. The characters’ occupations and lifestyles represent the corruption, carefreeness, and prosperity of the Roaring Twenties. Perhaps most striking of this ensemble is the pompous bigot Tom Buchanan and the novel’s namesake Jay Gatsby. Set in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on Long Island, New York, in the summer of 1922, the novel revolves around the protagonist Nick Carraway when he moves to West Egg. Upon arriving, he reconnects with his cousin Daisy Buchanan, and her husband Tom. He also encounters his mysterious neighbor Jay Gatsby, and eventually learns that Gatsby is an admirer of†¦show more content†¦He had been full of the idea so long, dreamed it right through to the end, waited with his teeth set, so to speak, at an inconceivable pitch of intensity† (92). Gatsby was overwhelmed at seeing his love again; while he planned it, reality was much different. Tom also loves Daisy, yet his love is clouded by his affair with Myrtle Wilson. However, all in all, Tom does live Daisy and fights Gatsby, verbally, for her love. During this lingual altercation, he lucidly states, â€Å"...I love Daisy too. Once in a while I go off on a spree and make a fool of myself, but I always come back, and in my heart I love her all the time† (131). While Tom does flaunt his unfaithfulness, he has an unfeigned love for Daisy despite his mistresses. Perhaps the largest variance between the two men is their diverging personalities. As previously stated, Tom is contemptuous and narcissistic, while Gatsby is far more compassionate and level headed. Tom’s bigotry and self-importance is best exemplified during his altercation with Gatsby, â€Å"I suppose the latest thing is to sit back and let Mr. Nobody from Nowhere make love to your wife... and next theyll throw everything overboar d and have intermarriage between black and white† (130). Tom raises himself up in front by referring to Gatsby as a nobody, emphasizing Gatsby’s poor past. Gatsby’s personality is best described by Nick, â€Å"If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of F. Scott Fitzgerald3472 Words   |  14 Pagesto but were ignored by politicians and the elite. Although F. Scott Fitzgerald was not a muckraker, his fictional writing had similar goals to those of muckrakers—Fitzgerald fleshed out the issues that society was ignoring and conforming to. He is known as a mouthpiece of the Lost Generation, the generation or group of people that grappled with World War I and the devastating emotional aftermath that it left the world with. Fitzgerald’s writing tackles topics from difficult relationships to the journeyRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagespsychological p roblems can and should be treated by new medications. (D) Patients should deal with traumatic experiences and their resulting fears by repressing them. Speaking about or analyzing trauma only intensifies its power and ill effects. 16. The term â€Å"Great Migration† refers to: (A) the enormous influx of eastern and southern European, as well as Asian, immigrants to the United States beginning in 1924 (B) the large number of African Americans who left the United States for Africa in the 1920s and ’30s